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    • 专利摘要:
    COMPOSED HEAT SOURCE FOR A SMOKING ITEM. The present invention relates to a composite heat source (6) for use in a smoking article comprising: a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16); and a particulate burnable fuel (18) incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16). The porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is formed of one or more particulate materials that have an average particle size D50 at least five times smaller than the average particle size D50 of the particulate burnable fuel. Preferably, the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix (16) comprises one or more oxides of transition metal.
    公开号:BR112014011475B1
    申请号:R112014011475-7
    申请日:2012-12-28
    公开日:2021-02-09
    发明作者:Friedrich Raether；Holger Friedrich；Jens Baber
    申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a heat source, for example, a heat source suitable for use in a smoking article. The present invention additionally relates to a smoking article comprising a heat source according to the invention.
    [002] Smoke articles in which an aerosol is generated by transferring heat from a combustible heat source to a physically separate aerosol generating material are known in the art. The aerosol generating material can be located inside, around or downstream of the heat source. During use, the combustible heat source of the smoke article is lit and volatile compounds are released from the aerosol generating material by the heat transfer from the combustible heat source. The volatile compounds released are dragged into the air and pulled through the smoke article during the puff. The aerosol formed is inhaled by the consumer.
    [003] It is desirable for a combustible heat source suitable for use in a smoking article that has certain attributes to enable or improve the smoking experience.
    [004] For example, the heat source must produce enough heat during combustion to allow the release of a flavored aerosol from an aerosol-generating material, but still be small enough to fit within an article of smoke that can be a size similar to a conventional lit cigarette.
    [005] In addition, the heat source must be capable of burning with a limited amount of air until the fuel in the heat source is exhausted and it must also not produce as little or substantially as possible carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide or other potentially undesirable gases during combustion.
    [006] In addition, the ignition temperature of the heat source must be low enough so that the heat source is readily flammable under normal lighting conditions for use with a conventional lit cigarette, for example, a match or conventional cigarette lighter .
    [007] The heat source must also have adequate thermal conductivity. If too much heat is conducted away from the heat source burn zone to other parts of the heat source during combustion, combustion in the heat source burn zone will cease when the temperature drops below the extinction temperature of the heat source. Thus, a heat source with too high a thermal conductivity can be undesirably difficult to ignite and, after ignition, subject to premature self-extinguishment. The thermal conductivity of the heat source must be at a level that, during use, allows effective heat transfer to the aerosol generating material without conducting too much heat to any means or structures in which it is fixed, assembled or otherwise incorporated in the smoking article.
    [008] The heat source must also not disintegrate before or during use and must be able to withstand the small mechanical stress that can occur as a result, for example, of a consumer dropping the smoking article.
    [009] It would be desirable to provide a composite heat source suitable for use in smoking articles in accordance with some or all of the above requirements.
    [0010] It would be additionally desirable to provide a composite heat source capable of catalyzing the decomposition of one or more potentially undesirable gases produced during their combustion.
    [0011] It would also be desirable to provide a composite heat source capable of retaining the particulate matter produced during its combustion.
    [0012] According to the present invention there is provided a composite heat source, for example, a composite heat source suitable for use in a smoking article, the composite heat source comprising: a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix; and a particulate, burnable fuel completely incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix, in which the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is formed from one or more particulate materials that have an average particle size D50 at least five times smaller than the average particle size D50 of the particulate burnable fuel.
    [0013] As used here, the term 'composite heat source' (singular or plural) is used to indicate a heat source comprising at least two distinct components that in combination produce properties not present in at least two components individually. As further described below, the functions of the heat sources composed according to the present invention are advantageously divided between the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix and the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0014] As used here, the term 'ceramic' is used to indicate any non-metallic solid that remains solid when heated.
    [0015] As used here, the term 'completely incorporated' is used to indicate that the particles of the burnable fuel are completely surrounded by the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. That is, there is substantially no contact between particles of the burnable fuel incorporated within the non-combustible pink ceramic matrix.
    [0016] As used here, the term 'D50 average particle size' is used to indicate the average base number value of the particle size distribution volume and is the 50% particle diameter value in the cumulative distribution. .
    [0017] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is formed of one or more particulate materials that have an average particle size D50 at least ten times smaller than the average particle size D50 of the particulate burnable fuel.
    [0018] The resistance of the heat sources composed according to the invention is predominantly controlled by the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. The dissociation of the resistance of the heat sources composed according to the present invention from the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is advantageous, since the burnable fuel undergoes major changes during the creation of combustion difficulties to control its mechanical behavior .
    [0019] The particles of the burnable fuel in heat sources composed according to the present invention have substantially no contact with each other and are incorporated into individual cavities within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. During combustion, the particles of the burnable fuel undergo modifications within these individual cavities, but the structure of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix advantageously remains substantially unchanged.
    [0020] Particulate fuel fully incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix according to the present invention advantageously avoids several significant drawbacks in the combustion properties associated with the prior art. The heating sources comprise a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix and a particulate burnable fuel in which the particles of the burnable fuel are in contact with each other.
    [0021] During combustion, new pore channels with large diameters can be formed in such heat sources of the prior art as a result of the combustion of the bound particles of the burnable fuel. As a result, the hot particles of the burnable fuel can disadvantageously escape from such heat sources of the prior art through the newly formed channels.
    [0022] In addition, the mechanical integrity of such prior art heat sources can disadvantageously decrease to a critical level during combustion due to the formation of weak zones as a result of the combustion of particles connected to the burnable fuel.
    [0023] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has a compressive strength greater than or equal to approximately 10 megapascals (MPa) as measured in a standard mechanical testing device by pushing the front and rear face of the sample at the rate of constant deformation and measuring force when the sample is destroyed. This allows the heat sources composed according to the present invention to resist small mechanical stress and prevent the disintegration of the heat sources composed before and during use.
    [0024] The pores within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the composite heat sources according to the present invention control the combustion kinetics of the composite heat sources.
    [0025] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has substantially continuous pore channels. The use of a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix that has substantially continuous pore channels in heat sources composed according to the present invention advantageously allows oxygen to flow through the substantially continuous pore channels to the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. . In addition, it advantageously allows carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel to flow out heat sources composed according to the present invention through the substantially continuous pore channels.
    [0026] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has pores that are small enough to retain any particulate material produced during the combustion of the fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0027] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has pores with diameters between approximately 0.01 micron (m) and approximately 10 micron (m) as measured by mercury porosimetry.
    [0028] The conductivity of the heat sources composed according to the invention is predominantly controlled by the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. The use of a ceramic material with low thermal conductivity advantageously allows composite heat sources which according to the present invention have moderate thermal conductivity to be produced, even when the thermal conductivity of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is very taller.
    [0029] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has a thermal diffusivity less than or equal to approximately 1 x 10-6 square meters per second (m2 / s) used as a measure of the laser lightning method. More preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix has a thermal diffusivity of between approximately 0.410-6 m2 / s and approximately 110-6 m2 / s as measured by the use of the laser lightning method. The use of a non-combustible porous ceramic matrix that has a thermal diffusivity less than or equal to approximately 1 x 106 m2 / s in heat sources composed according to the present invention advantageously allows the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous ceramic matrix not to fuel to be lit using a match, easier or other suitable ignition means within approximately 10 seconds.
    [0030] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix does not undergo significant volumetric changes during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix.
    [0031] Preferably, the thermal expansion coefficient of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the burnable fuel incorporated within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix.
    [0032] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix undergoes a volumetric modification less than or equal to approximately 5 percent as measured by dilatometry during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. More preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix undergoes a volumetric modification less than or equal to approximately 1 percent as measured by non-contact dilatometry during combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0033] Materials suitable for use in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the heat sources composed according to the present invention are known in the art and are commercially available from various suppliers.
    [0034] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix comprises one or more of the oxide.
    [0035] Preferably, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix comprises at least one transition metal oxide, more preferably at least one transition metal oxide with a high catalytic activity of converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Suitable transition metal oxide is known in the art and includes, but is not limited to, iron oxide, manganese oxide and mixtures thereof.
    [0036] Alternatively or in addition, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix may comprise one or more oxides of low thermal conductivity. Suitable oxide of low thermal conductivity includes, but is not limited to, zirconia, quartz, amorphous silica and mixtures thereof.
    [0037] Porous non-combustible ceramic matrices having low thermal diffusivity for use in heat sources composed according to the invention can be formed from one or more particulate materials, such as, for example, zirconia (ZrO2) and oxide of iron (Fe2O3).
    [0038] The resistance of the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix can be provided by a binder, a consolidation treatment, or a combination thereof. Methods of consolidation treatment are known in the art. The consolidation treatment may involve a thermal process where the contacts between particles of the non-combustible ceramic matrix are formed, for example, by surface diffusion. Heat treatment may involve heating gradually or in stages to a maximum desired temperature, for example, up to approximately 750 ° C and subsequently cooling. Heating, cooling or advantageously both heating and cooling is advantageously carried out under an atmosphere of inert gas, such as an atmosphere of nitrogen or an argon. Alternatively, the consolidation treatment can be a process as described in DE-A-10 2004 055 900.
    [0039] The consolidation treatment advantageously conserves sufficient pores within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the gas flow a and the burnable fuel incorporated within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix.
    [0040] The consolidation treatment must also preserve sufficient thermal resistance between adjacent particles of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix to allow the burnable fuel incorporated within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix to be ignited using a phosphor, easier or other means of ignition within approximately 10 seconds.
    [0041] Preferably, the heat sources composed according to the present invention comprise at least one catalyst for the decomposition of a gas produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0042] The porous non-combustible ceramic matrix may comprise a catalyst for the decomposition of a gas produced by the combustion of the burnable fuel. For example, as previously described above, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix may comprise one or more oxides of transition metal with a high catalytic activity of converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide such as, for example, iron oxide or carbon oxide. manganese.
    [0043] In such embodiments of the present invention, during use, the gas-like molecules produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel flow out of the composite heat source through the pores in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix, they have multiple contacts with the pore channel walls. The use in heat sources composed according to the present invention of a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix that has catalytic activity can thus advantageously help to ensure the efficient removal of any potentially undesirable gases produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel.
    [0044] Alternatively or in addition, the heat sources composed in accordance with the present invention may comprise at least one catalyst incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix from the decomposition of a gas produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the ceramic matrix non-combustible porous.
    [0045] Alternatively or in addition, at least part of the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix surface can be coated with a catalyst layer for the decomposition of a gas produced during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0046] The thermal conductivity, structure and dimensions of the heat sources composed according to the present invention and the thermal contact between heat sources composed according to the present invention and any means or structure by which the composite heat sources are fixed , mounted or otherwise incorporated into a smoking article must be adjusted so that during use the surface temperature of the composite heat sources remains within the temperature range of the optimum operation of any catalysts incorporated therein.
    [0047] During use, the heat sources composed according to the present invention preferably reach the operating temperature within a period of approximately 30 seconds or less after ignition of the burnable fuel incorporated in the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0048] To reduce the time to reach the operating temperature, the heat sources composed according to the present invention can additionally comprise one or more oxidants incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix that supply the additional oxygen during the ignition of the burnable fuel embedded within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. Suitable oxidants include, but are not limited to, nitrates, chlorate, perchlorates, permanganates and mixtures thereof.
    [0049] One or more oxidants can be distributed substantially exactly throughout the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0050] Alternatively, a mixture of one or more oxidants and burnable fuel may be located in a channel or other part of the composite heat source that acts as a 'fuse' during the ignition of the composite heat source. For example, where the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix comprises at least one airflow passage, a mixture of one or more oxidants and burnable fuel may be located in at least one airflow passage.
    [0051] The heat sources composed according to the present invention for use in smoking articles are preferably capable of generating heat for approximately 10 minutes during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0052] The porous non-combustible ceramic matrix may comprise one or more airflow passages for one or both gas exchange and heat exchange.
    [0053] Preferably, the heat sources composed according to the present invention have a maximum combustion temperature of between approximately 400 ° C and approximately 80 ° C.
    [0054] During use, the combustion kinetics of the heat sources composed according to the present invention is controlled by the flow of oxygen to the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the timing control mechanism is the rate of diffusion of oxygen molecules through the pore channels in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix.
    [0055] The rate of diffusion of oxygen molecules through the pore channels in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix increases slightly with increasing temperature. Thus, to obtain a stable combustion temperature between approximately 400 ° C and approximately 800 ° C, the heat sources composed according to the present invention may include an additional mechanism to limit the combustion rate of the burnable fuel incorporated within the matrix. non-combustible porous ceramics at high temperatures.
    [0056] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the rate of additional limiting mechanism may be a reverse flow of gas molecules that is produced at high temperatures. For example, in embodiments of the present invention in which the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix comprises carbon, the production of carbon monoxide due to combustion of carbon increases at high temperature. Each molecule of oxygen flowing through the pore channels to the burnable fuel embedded within the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix results in the production of two molecules of the carbon monoxide, which then have to flow out the compound heat source through the channels. of the pore. The diffusion of additional oxygen molecules in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix is slowed by the reverse flow of carbon monoxide molecules outside the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix.
    [0057] Alternatively or in addition, a reverse flow of gas molecules can be produced at high temperatures by releasing gas from an additional component included in the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix. For example, a carbonate or hydrate that thermally decomposes at an appropriately high temperature may be included in the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0058] In other embodiments of the present invention, the rate of additional limiting mechanism may alternatively be a thermally activated modification in the porosity of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the composite heat source. For example, agglomeration of a non-combustible porous amorphous ceramic matrix can reduce the pore size of the non-combustible porous amorphous ceramic matrix during combustion.
    [0059] In still further embodiments of the present invention, the melt redistribution formed during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix of the composite heat source can be used to control the combustion kinetics thereof. For example, the composite heat source may comprise a burnable fuel that has a low melting point (such as, for example, aluminum or magnesium), which during use is embedded in the pore channels of the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix by forces capillaries, thereby modifying the reactivity of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix and the cross section of the pore channels.
    [0060] Preferably, the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous ceramic matrix has an oxidation enthalpy greater than or equal to 40 x 109 joules per cubic meter (J / m3) as measured by dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC).
    [0061] Burnable fuels suitable for use in heat sources composed according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, carbon (such as, for example, charcoal (including hardwood charcoal powder) or carbon black), low atomic metals (such as, for example, aluminum or magnesium), carbides (such as, for example, aluminum carbide (Al4C3) and calcium carbide (CaC2)), nitrites and mixtures of themselves. Burnable fuels suitable for use in heat sources composed according to the present invention are commercially available.
    [0062] Preferably, the volume fraction of the burnable fuel incorporated in the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is greater than or equal to approximately 20% of the composite heat source.
    [0063] Preferably, the volume fraction of the burnable fuel incorporated in the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is less than or equal to approximately 50% of the composite heat source.
    [0064] The preferred burnable fuels for use in heat sources composed according to the present invention essentially consist of one or more carbon compounds.
    [0065] The flammability of the heat sources composed according to the present invention is controlled by the particle size and the surface activity of the burnable fuel. Typically, particulate burnable fuels that have small particle sizes are easier to ignite. However, it is more difficult to incorporate a large volume fraction of particulate burnable fuels that have small particle sizes within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix. To address this challenge, the heat sources composed according to the present invention can comprise mixtures of particulate burnable fuels that have particles of different sizes.
    [0066] Where the heat sources composed according to the present invention comprise two or more particulate burnable fuels that have different average particle sizes D50, the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is formed of one or more particulate materials that have an average size of particle D50 at least five times smaller than the average particle size D50 of the particulate burnable fuel present in the greatest amount by weight.
    [0067] Preferably, the heat sources composed according to the present invention comprise burnable fuels one or more particulates that have a particle size of between approximately 1 micron (μm) and approximately 200 microns (μm).
    [0068] The burnable fuel may comprise one or more additives to reduce the ignition temperature of the burnable fuel.
    [0069] Alternatively or in addition, the burnable fuel may comprise one or more additives to reduce the emission of potentially undesirable gases from the burnable fuel during the combustion thereof.
    [0070] During use, the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix of the heat sources composed according to the invention delivers the necessary heat of combustion.
    [0071] In addition to the burnable fuel, the part of the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix can also contribute to heating the generation. For example, the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the heat sources composed according to the present invention can comprise one or more oxides in a reduced state (such as, for example, Fe3O4), which support the ignition of the heat sources composed by oxidation through exotherm.
    [0072] The heat sources composed according to the present invention can have any desired shape. Advantageously, the shape of the heat sources composed according to the present invention is designed to provide an account of the desired available surface area, for example, manufacturing considerations and performance requirements.
    [0073] Preferably, the heat sources composed according to the present invention are substantially cylindrical.
    [0074] Preferably, the heat sources composed according to the present invention are of substantially the circular cross-section.
    [0075] Heat sources composed according to the present invention can be produced using suitable known ceramic forming methods such as, for example, error molding, extrusion, injection molding and mold compaction. Coextrusion and other suitable known techniques can also be employed where, for example, concentration gradients in the composite heat source are desired. The heat sources composed according to the present invention can be prepared from larger compact compacts by drilling and cutting procedures.
    [0076] The particulate burnable fuel can be incorporated into the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix by mixing one or more particulate burnable fuels with an adequate amount of one or more particulate raw materials to form the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix that has an appropriate relative particle size .
    [0077] To avoid or reduce the formation of agglomerates, the particles of the combustible fuels one or more particulates are preferably not attracted to each other.
    [0078] Alternatively or in addition, to prevent or reduce the formation of agglomerates, the particles of the one or more particulate raw material to form the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix are preferably not attracted to each other.
    [0079] Preferably, the particles of one or more particulate burnable fuels are attracted to the particles of the one or more particulate raw material to form the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix.
    [0080] Organic binders can be used during the formation process. Other additives may also be included in, for example, facilitating processing (processing aids), such as, for example, lubricants, promoting consolidation (sintering aids), combustion or removal of potentially undesirable flue gases. Such additives and their usefulness are known in the art.
    [0081] Where the consolidation of the heat sources composed according to the present invention is carried out by a heat treatment, the furnace atmosphere must be adapted to the requirements of the composite heat source. Typically, inert or reducing atmospheres should be used to prevent premature combustion of the burnable fuel embedded within the porous ceramic matrix.
    [0082] During heat treatment, phase changes can be used to improve the activity of some components of the heat sources composed according to the present invention or to improve other properties thereof.
    [0083] For example, heat sources composed according to the invention can include Fe2O3, which is reduced to form Fe3O4, which has a very low combustion temperature, or FeO, which has a low thermal conductivity. Such phase changes can be controlled by controlling the furnace atmosphere (partial pressure of oxygen) and the time-temperature cycle in the furnace.
    [0084] Additives that do not tolerate any of the steps of the previous processes can be introduced into heat sources composed according to the invention by an additional infiltration step. For example, oxidizer that would decompose during heat treatment can be added to heat sources composed according to the present invention by infiltrating salt solutions and subsequently drying the heat sources.
    [0085] Where the heat sources composed according to the present invention comprise carbon as a burnable fuel, the concentration of carbon close to the surface of the composite heat sources can be advantageously reduced by a final treatment to reduce monoxide emissions of carbon during combustion. For example, the outer surface of the composite heat sources can be quickly heated by a flame or another suitable method to burn the carbon locally without igniting the composite heat sources.
    [0086] According to the present invention there is also provided a smoking article comprising: a heat source composed according to the invention; and a substrate for aerosol generation.
    [0087] As used here, the term 'substrate for aerosol generation' indicates a substrate capable of releasing volatile compounds to heat up to generate an aerosol.
    [0088] The composite heat source and the substrate for generating aerosol from smoking articles according to the present invention can be contiguous to each other. Alternatively, the composite heat source and the aerosol generating substrate of smoking articles according to the present invention can be separated by suitable means (such as, for example, thermal insulation or an overhead crack) to prevent ignition of the substrate to generation of aerosol during combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix of the composite heat source.
    [0089] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composite heat source is axially aligned with the aerosol generating substrate, which is located downstream from the composite heat source. For example, heat sources composed according to the invention can be used in heated smoking articles of the type disclosed in WO-A-2009/022232, which comprise a combustible heat source, a substrate for generating aerosol downstream of the heat source fuel, and an element that conducts heat around and in contact with a rear part of the combustible heat source and an adjacent front part of the substrate for generating aerosol. However, it will be appreciated that the heat sources composed according to the invention can also be used in smoking articles that have other constructions.
    [0090] As used herein, the terms 'upstream' and 'downstream' are used to describe the relative positions of components, or portions of components, of smoking articles according to the present invention in relation to the direction of air drawn. through smoking articles while using them.
    [0091] In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the composite heat source is surrounded by the substrate for generating aerosol.
    [0092] In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the substrate for generating aerosol is surrounded by the composite heat source. For example, smoking articles according to the present invention may comprise a substantially cylindrical composite heat source pit that circumscribes the substrate for generating aerosol.
    [0093] The smoking articles according to the present invention may additionally comprise an expansion chamber downstream of the composite heat source and aerosol generating substrate.
    [0094] The smoking articles according to the invention may additionally comprise a nozzle downstream of the composite heat source, substrate for generating aerosol and, where present, expansion chamber.
    [0095] The substrate for generating aerosol from smoking articles according to the present invention can include any material capable of releasing volatile compounds when contacted by hot gases flowing through the composite heat source. Preferably, the aerosol generating substrate comprises smoke.
    [0096] The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    [0097] Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a smoking article according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
    [0098] Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a smoking article according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
    [0099] Figure 3 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat source composed according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
    [00100] Figure 4 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a heat source composed according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
    [00101] Figure 5a shows a heat source composed according to the present invention prepared according to Example 1;
    [00102] Figure 5a shows a heat source composed according to the present invention prepared according to Example 2.
    [00103] The smoking articles according to the first and second modalities of the present invention shown in figures 1 and 2, respectively, have several components in common; these components were given the same reference numerals throughout.
    [00104] Each smoking article generally comprises an elongated cylindrical rod 2, which is attached at one end to an axially aligned cylindrical filter 4. The elongated cylindrical rod 2 includes a cylindrical composite heat source 6 and a substrate for generating aerosol 8, which are over-wrapped in an outer cigarette paper wrapper (not shown). Composite heat source 6 is made as described in Composite heat sources: Example 1 or Composite heat sources: Example 2, below.
    [00105] In the smoking article according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in figure 1, the composite heat source 6 and the substrate for generating aerosol 8 is axially aligned. As shown in figure 1, the composite heat source 6 is located at the end of the stem 2 away from the filter 4 and the substrate for generating aerosol 8 is located downstream of the composite heat source 6 at the end of the stem 2 adjacent to the filter 4.
    [00106] In the smoking article according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in figure 2, the composite heat source 6 is located inside and surrounded by the substrate for generating aerosol 8.
    [00107] In a third embodiment of the present invention, which is not shown in the drawings, the composite heat source 6 is a hollow cylindrical tube and the substrate for generating aerosol 8 is located inside and surrounded by the composite heat source 6.
    [00108] In the three modalities, thermal insulation or an aerial gap 10 is provided between the composite heat source 6 and the aerosol generating substrate 8 to prevent ignition of the aerosol generating substrate 8 during the combustion of the burnable fuel incorporated within of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix of the composite heat source 6.
    [00109] During use, the consumer ignites the burnable fuel incorporated into the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix of the composite heat source 6 and then pulls the air down through the rod 2 of the smoking article through the filter 4 thereof. As it passes through the stem 2, the pulled air is heated by the composite heat source 6 and the heated air flows through the substrate for generating aerosol 8, releasing vapors with the flavor of, for example, the torn smoke cut the filler on the substrate for generating aerosol 8. As the flavored vapors released from the substrate for generating aerosol 8 pass downstream through the stem 2 they condense to form an aerosol that passes through the filter 4 to the consumer's mouth.
    [00110] The heat sources composed according to the first and second modalities of the present invention, for use in the smoking articles shown in figures 1 and 2, are shown in figures 3 and 4, respectively. The composite heat sources shown in figures 3 and 4 have several components in common; these components were given the same reference numerals throughout.
    [00111] Each composite heat source is a cylinder of substantially a circular cross section and generally comprises a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix 16 and a plurality of particles of the burnable fuel 18 incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix 16.
    [00112] The heat source composed according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in figure 3 additionally comprises an outer insulation layer 20, which circumscribes the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix 16 and can be formed from the same or different material as the matrix non-combustible porous ceramics 16.
    [00113] The heat source composed according to the second mode of the invention shown in Figure 4 comprises a central cylindrical airflow passage 22 that extends axially through the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix 16. As shown in Figure 4, a layer of 24 catalytic materials (such as, for example, iron oxide or manganese oxide) is disposed between the inner surface of the non-combustible porous ceramic matrix 16 and the passage of airflow 22.
    [00114] It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments of the present invention, not shown in the drawings, the outer insulation layer 20 and the layer of 24 catalytic materials shown in figures 3 and 4, respectively, can be omitted.
    [00115] It will also be appreciated that in additional embodiments of the present invention, not shown in the drawings, the heat sources composed according to the present invention can comprise both an outer insulation layer and a catalytic material layer. COMPOUND HEAT SOURCES: EXAMPLE 1
    [00116] The heat sources composed according to the present invention are prepared by mixing 236 g of iron oxide (Fe2O3) which has an average D50 particle size of 0.140 μm commercially available from Alfa Aesar of Massachusetts, USA, 52 g of NORIT A Special E153 powder activated carbon that has an average D50 particle size of 4 μm commercially available from Norit Nederland BV of Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 104 g of hardwood charcoal powder that has an average D50 particle size of 45 μm commercially available from Holzkohlewerk Luneburg Hamburg, Germany and 190 g of zirconia (ZrO2) which has an average D50 particle size of 0.6 μm commercially available from Wilhelm Priem GmbH & Co. KG Germany Bielefeld in a planetary mixer. The mixing is carried out with the addition of 125 g of flour, 64 g of sugar, 14 g of corn oil and 24 g of potassium citrate. The water is slowly added to the mixture to obtain an extrudable paste.
    [00117] The paste is then extruded through a mold that uses a laboratory screw extruder to form cylindrical rods with a circular cross section that has a length of approximately 30 cm and a diameter of approximately 7.8 mm. Three longitudinal airflow passages that have a diameter of approximately 1.66 mm are formed on the cylindrical rods by mandrels of circular cross section mounted in the mold orifice.
    [00118] After extrusion, the cylindrical rods are dried in slotted plates. After drying, the cylindrical rods are made into pieces having a length of approximately 10 cm. The parts are heated in an oven in an argon atmosphere from room temperature to 100 ° C during the period of 1.3 hours and after 100 ° C to 700 ° C during the period of 2 hours. After a live period of 0.3 hours at 700 ° C, the oven was cooled to room temperature.
    [00119] The individual composite heat sources formed can be lit using an easier yellow flame and are found to burn over a period of 12 minutes with a maximum combustion temperature of 780 ° C.
    [00120] After combustion, the composite heat sources are mechanically robust and, for example, cannot be fractured with fingers. Dust cleaning is low. After combustion, composite heat sources can be treated without major caution. COMPOUND HEAT SOURCES: EXAMPLE 2
    [00121] The heat sources composed according to the present invention are prepared by mixing 236 g of iron oxide (Fe2O3) which has an average D50 particle size of 0.140 μm commercially available from Alfa Aesar Massachusetts, USA, 52 g of NORIT A powdered activated carbon E153 Special which has an average D50 particle size of 4 μm commercially available from Norit Nederland BV Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 104 g of hardwood charcoal powder which has an average D50 particle size of 45 μm commercially available from Holzkohlewerk Luneburg Hamburg, Germany and 190 g of zirconia (ZrO2) which has an average D50 particle size of 0.6 μm commercially available from Wilhelm Priem GmbH & Co. KG of Germany Bielefeld in a planetary mixer. The mixing is carried out with the addition of 125 g of flour, 64 g of sugar, 14 g of corn oil and 24 g of potassium citrate. Water is slowly added to the mixture to obtain an extrudable paste.
    [00122] The paste is then extruded through a mold that uses a laboratory screw extruder to form cylindrical rods with a circular cross section that has a length of approximately 30 cm and a diameter of approximately 7.8 mm. Three longitudinal airflow passages that have a diameter of approximately 1.66 mm are formed on the cylindrical rods by mandrels of circular cross section mounted in the mold orifice.
    [00123] After extrusion, the cylindrical rods are dried in slotted plates. After drying, the cylindrical rods are made into pieces having a length of approximately 10 cm. The parts are heated in an oven in a nitrogen atmosphere from room temperature to 100 ° C during the period of 1.3 hours and then from 100 ° C to 680 ° C during the period of 1.9 hours. After a period of living for 0.2 hours at 680 ° C, the oven is cooled to room temperature.
    [00124] The individual composite heat sources formed can be lit using an easier blue flame and are found to burn for a period of 12 minutes with a maximum combustion temperature of 800 ° C.
    [00125] Composite heat sources are mechanically robust before and after combustion and, for example, cannot be fractured with fingers. Dust cleaning is minimal.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Composite heat source (6) for a smoke article, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16); and a particulate burnable fuel (18) incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16), wherein the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix is formed of one or more particulate materials that have an average particle size D50 at least five times smaller than that the average particle size D50 of the particulate burnable fuel and where the volume fraction of the burnable fuel (18) incorporated in the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) is less than or equal to 50% of the composite heat source (6 ).
    [0002]
    Composite heat source (6) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) comprises one or more oxides.
    [0003]
    Composite heat source (6) according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) comprises one or more oxides of transition metal.
    [0004]
    Composite heat source (6) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) comprises one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of: iron oxide; manganese oxide; zirconia; quartz; and amorphous silica.
    [0005]
    5. Composite heat source (6) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) has pores with diameters between 0.01 μm and 10 μm.
    [0006]
    Composite heat source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16) has a thermal diffusivity less than or equal to 1 x 10-6 m2 / s.
    [0007]
    Composite heat source (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the burnable fuel (18) has an oxidation enthalpy greater than or equal to 40 x 109 J / m3.
    [0008]
    Composite heat source (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the burnable fuel (18) comprises carbon, aluminum, magnesium, one or more metal carbides, one or more metal nitrites or a combination of them.
    [0009]
    Composite heat source (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one catalyst for decomposition of a gas produced by the combustion of the fuel.
    [0010]
    10. Composite heat source (6) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that at least one catalyst is incorporated within the porous non-combustible ceramic matrix (16).
    [0011]
    Composite heat source (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more oxidants.
    [0012]
    12. Composite heat source (6) according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the one or more oxidants are selected from the group consisting of: nitrates; chlorates; perchlorates; and permanganates.
    [0013]
    Composite heat source (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one airflow passage (22).
    [0014]
    14. Smoke article, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a composite heat source (6) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13; and a substrate for aerosol generation (8).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    MY167802A|2018-09-26|
    AR089540A1|2014-08-27|
    IL232137A|2019-10-31|
    PL2797440T3|2018-10-31|
    KR102075363B1|2020-02-10|
    NZ623277A|2016-02-26|
    RU2014131283A|2016-02-20|
    CN103929984A|2014-07-16|
    UA112457C2|2016-09-12|
    RU2608274C2|2017-01-17|
    AU2012360802B2|2016-11-03|
    US20180000155A1|2018-01-04|
    TWI587798B|2017-06-21|
    ZA201402245B|2015-09-30|
    CN103929984B|2017-12-12|
    JP2015503334A|2015-02-02|
    BR112014011475A2|2017-05-02|
    HK1198239A1|2015-03-20|
    CA2858287C|2020-04-07|
    JP6145457B2|2017-06-14|
    EP2797440B1|2018-05-09|
    MX2014007998A|2015-03-05|
    TW201332464A|2013-08-16|
    EP2797440A1|2014-11-05|
    ES2672879T3|2018-06-18|
    WO2013098380A1|2013-07-04|
    SG11201401264YA|2014-09-26|
    AU2012360802A1|2014-08-14|
    PT2797440T|2018-10-18|
    US10440990B2|2019-10-15|
    TR201807426T4|2018-06-21|
    CA2858287A1|2013-07-04|
    IL232137D0|2014-05-28|
    MX363930B|2019-04-05|
    KR20140107181A|2014-09-04|
    US20140373859A1|2014-12-25|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-30| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-24| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/12/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11196058.9|2011-12-29|
    EP11196058|2011-12-29|
    PCT/EP2012/077033|WO2013098380A1|2011-12-29|2012-12-28|Composite heat source for a smoking article|
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